JUDICIAL AND REGULATORY RESPONSES TO OIL SPILL INDUCED FOOD INSECURITY IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This article critically examines the nexus between oil spill-induced environmental degradation and food insecurity in Nigeria, with particular focus on the oil-rich Niger Delta region. It highlights how crude oil exploration and production have severely polluted land and water resources, thereby undermining agricultural productivity, fishing livelihoods, and access to safe food. The paper assesses the effectiveness of Nigeria?s legal and regulatory responses, including the roles of agencies such as NOSDRA and NESREA, as well as relevant laws like the Petroleum Act, the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act, and the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021. It further analyses judicial interventions in oil spill litigation, drawing attention to the limited enforcement of environmental remediation and the systemic challenges posed by corporate influence and state dependence on oil revenue. While the article adopts a doctrinal approach, it argues for stronger regulatory enforcement, constitutional recognition of the right to food, and judicial courage in addressing oil-related environmental harm. The paper concludes that only a rights-based and integrated legal approach can mitigate oil pollution and advance food security in affected communities.